Rooftop Solar · PM Surya Ghar

India's solar boom was mostly big utility farms; rooftops on homes lagged. Capacity crept from under 1 GW (2015) to around 14 GW, and in February 2024 the flagship PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana launched to take rooftop solar to ordinary households at scale.

With ₹75,000 crore and subsidies covering much of the cost, PM Surya Ghar aims to fit solar on 1 crore homes — giving up to 300 free units a month and letting families sell surplus power back to the grid, turning rooftops into income.

PM Surya Ghar puts rooftop solar on ordinary homes: a household installs panels through vendors on a government portal, gets a central subsidy of up to ₹78,000, and pays off the rest, often via cheap loans. The panels cut or zero-out the family's bill, and any surplus power is sold back to the grid through net metering — turning the roof into a small earner.

Launched in 2024, the scheme targets 1 crore homes with rooftop solar and has become the fastest-growing part of India's solar push (rooftop added several GW in 2025-26). The next steps are simplifying installation and finance, and leaning on healthy DISCOMs to buy back surplus power reliably — the two things that decide whether a crore households actually sign up.

The execution challenge is scaling installations and after-sales service to a crore homes, which depends on upfront cost and healthy state DISCOMs that buy back power. (Capacity here is cumulative rooftop solar.)

Rooftop solar ~0.5 GW (2015) → ~14 GW (2024); PM Surya Ghar (2024): 1 crore homes, ₹75,000 crore, up to 300 free units/month. Source: MNRE.